Body is covered with a pellicle which provides a definite. Protozoa definition, characteristics, classification, examples. Protozoa also protozoan, plural protozoans is an informal term for singlecelled eukaryotes, either freeliving or parasitic, which feed on organic matter such as other microorganisms or organic tissues and debris. The protozoa group comprises more than 65,000 species. The protozoa are then placed into various groups primarily on the basis of how they move. The kingdom protista includes an incredible diversity of different types of organisms, including algae, protozoans, and slime molds. Phylogeny and classification of phylum cercozoa protozoa. When ciliated protozoa are to be identified, the following points should be remembered. Protozoa are singlecelled organisms without cell walls. These two subphyla are further divided into 5 classes. Whole parasitology covers mainly parasites, host and its association between them. Protozoa classification zoology for ias, ifos and other. The classical taxonomic scheme of the protozoa was devel oped about the turn of the century. A new revised classification of the protozoa article pdf available in the journal of protozoology 271.
Sarcodines amoeboids the amoeboids and are found in the phylum rhizopoda. On the basis of locomotory organelles, phylum protozoa has been divided into the following four classes. The book includes new data on the ultrastructure of the somatic cortex of each class, molecular phylogenetics, ecology, and on other important aspects of ciliate biology. The characteristics of phylum sarcomastigophora are. They do not photosynthesize, rather being chemoheterotrophic like animals. No one even knows how many species there are, though estimates range between 65,000 to 200,000. The following classification recommended by the society of protozoologists levine et. The proposed classification recognized protozoa as a subkingdom of the kingdom protista and classified protozoa into six phyla. When cells divide, each daughter cell forms a new valve to fit inside the old one, so some cells are smaller. There are about 50,000 known species of phylum protozoa. Some protozoa live as unwanted guests or parasites within the body of other animals. Protozoa is classified by many based on different characters of protozoa but the classification of protozoa is complicated and difficult the classification followed here is based on hymans classification phylum protozoa is divided into two subphyla. The animals included in phylum protozoa can be defined as microscopic and acellular animalcules without tissues and organs.
Protozoa are a diverse group of organisms that are nonphototrophic, unicellular, eukaryotic microorganisms with no cell walls. Introduction and classification of parasites is an very important and basic topic of parasitology. As per one of the classification given out by hyman, hickman and storer, this phylum is divided into two subphyla on the basis of organs of locomotion. Classification of phylum protozoa phylum protozoa is a large and varied group and possess a complication in its classification.
Members of the four major groups are illustrated in figure 1. Some of the members reproduce by asexual mode, some by sexual means, and some by both. Although common names frequently are used to describe parasitic organisms, these names may represent different. The protozoa are considered to be a subkingdom of the kingdom protista, although in the classical system they were placed in the kingdom animalia. These are aquatic, microscopic, unicellular organisms. Sc students of course i semester i, belonging to mumbai university of maharashtra india. The classification of protozoa and other microorganisms above the organizational level of the bacteria has. The conventional scheme followed by hyman 1940, hickman 1961 and storer 1965, etc. As the primary hunters of the microbial world, protozoa help in. Revision notes on phylum protozoa and porifera askiitians. Basic enzymes systems support all types of nutrition.
Class calcarea exclusively marine, calcareous sponges predominantly inhabit shallow tropical waters. The major classification and characteristics of protozoa. Parasitology is the branch of science which mainly deals about all the parasites and its infectious diseases. Protozoa are eukaryotic, unicellular microorganisms, which lack cell wall. The cilia, or compound ciliary structures, serve as organelles of locomotion or feeding or both. A list of this type may be arranged alphabetically. All the protozoan species belong to the kingdom protista. They are known as acellular or noncellular organism. Protozoa causing diseases are called pathogenic protozoa. Taxonomy and systematics of major groups of the protozoa, an assemblage of socalled lower eukaryotes, refer basically to the classification of such groups, that is, their arrangement into a hierarchy of evolutionary interrelated groups taxa of scientifically named phyla, classes, orders, etc. First semester phylum protozoa unicellular and most primitive animals 1. These are the most primitive organisms protos first.
General characteristics and classification of phylum protozoa. Seven phyla of protozoa are accepted in this classification sarcomastigophora, labyrinthomorpha, apicomplexa. There is a great deal to know about their classification, characteristics and more. Pdf a new revised classification of the protozoa researchgate. List of animal phyla is a list of the major groups of animals usually classified as a phylum. More than 50,000 species have been described, most of which are freeliving organisms. Two species of entamoeba cause serious dysentery in man and in reptiles. In general, protozoa have different stages in their lifecycles. Chapter 208 classification and nomenclature of human. Definition, characteristics, classification and types of protozoa. This phylum has a number of problems in its classification. List of animal phyla simple english wikipedia, the free. All protozoal species are assigned to the kingdom protista in the whittaker classification. Phylum protozoa is classified into four classes on the basis of locomotary organs.
Historically, the protozoa were regarded as onecelled animals, because they often possess animallike behaviors, such as motility and predation, and lack a cell wall, as found. Protozoa reproduce by the method of binary fission or multiple fission. In it they were considered a phylum and were divided into 2 subphyla, plasmodroma con taining the classes mastigophora, sarcodina, and sporozoa and ciliophora. The phylum protozoa has been divided into four classes. A newly revised classification of the protozoa article pdf available in journal of eukaryotic microbiology 271. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Motile unicellular eukaryotes protozoa phylum sarcomastigophora phylum sarcomastigophora is an umbrella term for protozoans that move either by one or more flagella subphylum mastigophora or flagellata the flagellates or by pseudopods subphylum sarcodina the amoeboids.
The classes of protozoa are categorized by a variety of factors. These are sarcomastigophora, labryinthomorpha, apicomplexa, microspora, myxozoa and ciliophora. Phylum protozoa, general characteristics and classification, zoology assignment help, coursework writing assignment help, homework help and instant project assistance from live zoology experts. There are 4 learn with flashcards, games, and more for free. Classification and nomenclature of human parasites. Protozoa definition, characteristics, classification. The major distinguishing characteristics of protozoa are given below. Kingdom chromista, slimenets labyrinthomorpha and opalina opalinata have been brought under this new kingdom. Phylum subphylum genus examples species examples protozoa sarcomastigophora further divided into sarcodina move by pseudopodia entamoeba e.
One or more flalgella usually present for locomotion or food capturing or attachment or protection. They are believed to be a part of the microbial world as they are unicellular and microscopic. There are two common genera which live in the intestine of man and other animals. As per twokingdom classification, protozoa was treated as a phylum under animal. Phylum sub phylum genus examples species examples protozoa sarcomastigophora further divided into sarcodina move by pseudopodia entamoeba e. It gets its name from the combination of sarcodina which is an older term used for amoeboids and mastigophora which is an older term for flagellates.
The fossil record in the form of shells in sedimentary rocks shows that protozoa were present in the pre. Detailed lecture of protozoans and its types with examples. Unicellular or acellular microscopic organisms possessing typical cell. Protozoa the protozoa are contained within the kingdom protista along with the unicellular algae.
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